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S. LVLandWCo. used wood stave pipe exclusively in new construction and replacements until 1927, when cast iron pipe was introduced into the system. About that time the wood pipe began to be expensive to main­tain on account of termites, and penetration by tree and shrub roots. All wood pipe and wrought iron pipe in the entire system has been re­placed with cast iron, the greater part of the replacements being carried out in 1941. The change will eliminate the former losses of water due to leakage in the mains. It also will reduce future mainte­nance costs to a minimum. Meters are not permitted under a state law affecting cities of over 4,500 population, and there Is a prodigal use of water, partic­ularly during the heated term when very high temperatures prevail. The low water pressure resulting from the gravity system - ranging from 35 to 20 pounds - has had a bearing upon the waste observable in sprinkling lawns; another removable item of loss has been seen in negligent opera­tion of air conditioning apparatus, of which there is much in the city. From time to time the attention of the public has been directed by ad­vertisements in the city newspapers to the waste of water by consumers, and such educational work will, it is hoped, produce lasting results. There Is a city ordinance relating to wasteful use of water, passed in July, 1939, but It has not been enforced. Last year, however, the city assigned a special uniformed officer during the heated term to look after the wasting of water by any and every means, and the LVLandWCo. paid one half of his salary. The results were very satisfactory. The ALVLandWCo.'s water rates conform to a schedule fixed by the Public Service Commission of Nevada and made effective on Sept. 1, -7-